It is known that El Pallars was populated since prehistoric times, from which numerous testimonies have come down to us in the form of megalithic monuments.
It seems that the Roman presence was not very intense, unlike in the Aran Valley, although recent archaeological discoveries begin to indicate otherwise.
Already in medieval times and after the dismantling of the Roman world, it was the mountain communities that exploited their natural resources.
During the times of the Muslim invasions, the territory was subject to little more than the payment of tributes or territorial taxes.
After the conquest and the rule of the Counts of Tolosa, the Pallars County House began, which would be the longest-lived of all the Catalan counties and would end in 1487 with the fall of the castle of València d'Àneu and the end of the rule of Hugh Roger III.
The general crisis of the feudal order continued into the modern age with the transformation of the Pallars county into a marquisate in the hands of the House of Cardona. This marquisate coexisted with various lordships, but they all formed part of a larger, royal structure, which would become the Pallars estate and, in the 18th century, would become the Talarn district.
From the end of the 18th century until 1870, the population grew until reaching its demographic peak of 20,348 inhabitants in 1860.
From 1870 until 1910, the subsistence economy, which had prevailed until then, experienced a crisis, and a demographic and economic decline began due to the civil confiscation of church property by Madoz, poor weather, and the arrival of the "fil loxera" disease, among other causes.
From 1910 to 1960 , due to the implementation of hydroelectric power, a process of modernization of traditional society began, truncated by the civil war and the post-war period.
From 1960 to 1980 the region suffered a second crisis caused by the mechanization of the countryside and the industrialization of the cities, which led to a new demographic decline in Pallars, to the point of losing half of its population (5,247 inhabitants).
Source: Turisme Pallars Sobirà
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